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Extreme Horizon

Extreme Horizon

Resolving galactic disks in their cosmic environment

Orion

Orion

Molecular cloud fragmentation and evolution, formation of prestellar cores

Fragdisk

Fragdisk

Fragmentation of self-gravitating disks

Synthetic disk populations

Synthetic disk populations

Resolving protoplanetary disks in massive protostellar clumps

Wind of HD189733

Wind of HD189733

Unveiling the magnetic link between stars and planets

Dusty collapses

Dusty collapses

Understanding the dynamics of dust during the protostellar collapse

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Acknowledgement

Project acknowledgement

You may acknowledge this project by citing the associated paper Brucy & Hennebelle 2021.

@ARTICLE{2021MNRAS.503.4192B,
       author = {{Brucy}, No{\'e} and {Hennebelle}, Patrick},
        title = "{A two-step gravitational cascade for the fragmentation of self-gravitating discs}",
      journal = {\mnras},
     keywords = {accretion, accretion discs, gravitation, hydrodynamics, instabilities, methods: numerical, protoplanetary discs, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics},
         year = 2021,
        month = may,
       volume = {503},
       number = {3},
        pages = {4192-4207},
          doi = {10.1093/mnras/stab738},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
       eprint = {2103.05508},
 primaryClass = {astro-ph.GA},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021MNRAS.503.4192B},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

Galactica database acknowledgement

If you use it in your own work, you may acknowledge the origin of the data obtained on the Galactica database like so:

This work reused datasets available on the Galactica simulations database
(http://www.galactica-simulations.eu)
                            
Cite me
NoĆ© BRUCY  

Fragdisk

Summary

Study of the fragmentation of self-gravitating disks

See Brucy & Hennebelle 2021 for more details.

Abstract:

Self-gravitating disks are believed to play an important role in astrophysics in particular regarding the star and planet formation process. In this context, disks subject to an idealized cooling process, characterized by a cooling timescale $\beta$ expressed in unit of orbital timescale, have been extensively studied. We take advantage of the Riemann solver and the 3D Godunov scheme implemented in the code Ramses to perform high resolution simulations, complementing previous studies that have used Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) or 2D grid codes.

Description of the simulations:

We simulate a disk of gas undergoing purely hydrodynamics forces, its own gravity and the $\beta$-cooling. The simulation is ran with the 3D-grid code Ramses (Teyssier 2002) which uses a Godunov scheme. The flux between each cell is computed with the HLLC Riemann solver. The gravity potential is updated at each timestep with a Poisson solver, and a source term is added to the energy equation to implement the $\beta$-cooling.

The $\beta$-cooling consists in removing internal energy from the gas with a cooling time: $t_\text{cool} = \beta \Omega^{-1}$ with $\Omega$ the rotation frequency.

We use the same initial conditions as in Meru & Bate (2012) to allow comparison. The specific disk setup for Ramses was inspired by Hennebelle et al. (2017). The disk is initially close to equilibrium with an initial column density profile $\Sigma \propto r^{-1}$ and a temperature profile $T \propto r^{-1/2}$ where $r$ is the cylindrical radius. The disk has a radius $r_d = 0.25$ (code units), after which the density is divided by 100. The density and temperature at the disk radius $r_d$ are chosen so that the mass of the disk $M_d = 0.1 M_\star$, where $M_\star$ is the mass of the central object, and the initial value of the Toomre parameter at the disk radius is $Q_{0,d} = 2$. The adiabatic index of the gas is $\gamma = 5/3$.

The simulation is run within a cube of size $L=2$. Although the problem has a cylindrical symmetry, we use Cartesian coordinates. This prevents having a singularity at the centre of the box. One caveat is the poor resolution on the centre of the cube but this is mitigated by the use of the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). Another caveat is that having a cubic box may introduce spurious reflection at the border of the simulation. To avoid this, we maintain a dead zone over a radius of $0.875$ (in code units) where all variables are replaced by their initial value at each timestep. This method has been used in Hennebelle et al. (2017) and has proven to be efficient.

The simulations presented here were run for several values of $\beta$ and several resolutions. To reduce the computation time, we use the Ramses's Adaptative Mesh Refinement (AMR). Only the parts of the simulation which are prone to form fragments are simulated with full resolution. Each cell is refined until the Jeans's length is covered by at least 20 cells or it reaches the maximum level of refinement $l_{\max}$. The level of refinement of a cell is the number of times the simulation box must be divided in eight equal part to get the cell. Thus, the resolution of a simulation is given by the value of $l_{\max}$. A first set of simulations with $l_{\max} = 11$ to $l_{\max} = 12$ are run until about 5 Outer Rotation Periods (ORP), that is that the gas at the border of the disk had 5 orbits around the star. A second set of simulations, labelled tic, for Turbulent Initial Condition, were run from relaxed initial conditions for $l_{\max} = 12$ and $l_{\max} = 13$. More precisely, they were restarted from a simulation at $\beta = 20$ and $l_{\max} = 12$ for which the whole disk reached a gravito-turbulent state (after 2 ORPs). According to Paardekooper et al. (2011) and Clarke et al. (2007), departing from such turbulent condition should reduce spurious fragmentation.

Available simulations

Group by
Name lmax $\beta$ tic
beta4_jr11
11 4
beta5_jr11
11 5
beta6_jr11
11 6
beta7_jr11
11 7
beta8_jr11
11 8
beta2_jr12
12 2
beta3_jr12
12 3
beta4_jr12
12 4
beta5_jr12
12 5
beta6_jr12
12 6
beta7_jr12
12 7
beta8_jr12
12 8
beta9_jr12
12 9
beta10_jr12
12 10
beta11_jr12
12 11
beta12_jr12
12 12
beta14_jr12
12 14
beta16_jr12
12 16
beta18_jr12
12 18
beta6_jr12_tic
12 6
beta7_jr12_tic
12 7
beta8_jr12_tic
12 8
beta9_jr12_tic
12 9
beta10_jr12_tic
13 10
beta12_jr12_tic
13 12
beta4_jr13_tic
13 4
beta6_jr13_tic
13 6
beta7_jr13_tic
13 7
beta8_jr13_tic
13 8
beta9_jr13_tic
13 9
beta10_jr13_tic
13 10
beta12_jr13_tic
13 12
beta14_jr13_tic
13 14
beta16_jr13_tic
13 16

Data description

'Fragdisk' project result datafile download

Select the datafiles you wish to export from this project (a zip file containing the requested datafiles will be prepared) :









Experiment Result Datafile File types File size
beta4_jr11 50 HDF5 JPEG 2.3 MB
HDF5 JPEG 543.1 kB
HDF5 JPEG 2.3 MB
HDF5 JPEG 466.5 kB
HDF5 JPEG 2.2 MB
JPEG 292.7 kB
JPEG 168.8 kB
HDF5 JPEG 162.1 kB
beta5_jr11 50 HDF5 JPEG 2.4 MB
HDF5 JPEG 537.5 kB
HDF5 JPEG 2.4 MB
HDF5 JPEG 469.3 kB
HDF5 JPEG 2.3 MB
JPEG 289.8 kB
JPEG 169.5 kB
HDF5 JPEG 168.4 kB
beta6_jr11 50 HDF5 JPEG 2.3 MB
HDF5 JPEG 522.7 kB
HDF5 JPEG 2.3 MB
HDF5 JPEG 484.7 kB
HDF5 JPEG 2.2 MB
JPEG 289.3 kB
JPEG 169.0 kB
HDF5 JPEG 168.5 kB
beta7_jr11 50 HDF5 JPEG 2.3 MB
HDF5 JPEG 528.4 kB
HDF5 JPEG 2.3 MB
HDF5 JPEG 486.7 kB
HDF5 JPEG 2.2 MB
JPEG 290.4 kB
JPEG 172.6 kB
HDF5 JPEG 161.8 kB
beta8_jr11 60 HDF5 JPEG 2.3 MB
HDF5 JPEG 521.4 kB
HDF5 JPEG 2.3 MB
HDF5 JPEG 488.2 kB
HDF5 JPEG 2.2 MB
JPEG 291.1 kB
JPEG 164.2 kB
HDF5 JPEG 161.6 kB
beta2_jr12 40 HDF5 JPEG 4.2 MB
HDF5 JPEG 656.0 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.1 MB
HDF5 JPEG 512.6 kB
HDF5 JPEG 3.9 MB
JPEG 312.0 kB
JPEG 187.2 kB
HDF5 JPEG 176.3 kB
beta3_jr12 80 HDF5 JPEG 4.9 MB
HDF5 JPEG 667.8 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.6 MB
HDF5 JPEG 519.4 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.5 MB
JPEG 303.7 kB
JPEG 178.3 kB
HDF5 JPEG 177.3 kB
beta4_jr12 80 HDF5 JPEG 4.9 MB
HDF5 JPEG 674.1 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.8 MB
HDF5 JPEG 519.9 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.7 MB
JPEG 270.9 kB
JPEG 168.6 kB
HDF5 JPEG 176.5 kB
beta5_jr12 80 HDF5 JPEG 4.9 MB
HDF5 JPEG 580.1 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.9 MB
HDF5 JPEG 504.8 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.8 MB
JPEG 280.0 kB
JPEG 164.8 kB
HDF5 JPEG 175.7 kB
beta6_jr12 70 HDF5 JPEG 5.6 MB
HDF5 JPEG 675.7 kB
HDF5 JPEG 5.5 MB
HDF5 JPEG 553.7 kB
HDF5 JPEG 5.4 MB
JPEG 286.0 kB
JPEG 167.6 kB
HDF5 JPEG 175.5 kB
beta7_jr12 70 HDF5 JPEG 5.3 MB
HDF5 JPEG 642.8 kB
HDF5 JPEG 5.3 MB
HDF5 JPEG 541.0 kB
HDF5 JPEG 5.1 MB
JPEG 251.7 kB
JPEG 166.4 kB
HDF5 JPEG 169.7 kB
beta8_jr12 80 HDF5 JPEG 4.7 MB
HDF5 JPEG 606.9 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.7 MB
HDF5 JPEG 529.6 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.5 MB
JPEG 294.5 kB
JPEG 170.8 kB
HDF5 JPEG 177.1 kB
beta9_jr12 60 HDF5 JPEG 3.8 MB
HDF5 JPEG 564.2 kB
HDF5 JPEG 3.8 MB
HDF5 JPEG 498.5 kB
HDF5 JPEG 3.5 MB
JPEG 240.8 kB
JPEG 166.9 kB
HDF5 JPEG 172.3 kB
beta10_jr12 70 HDF5 JPEG 4.6 MB
HDF5 JPEG 611.4 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.6 MB
HDF5 JPEG 526.1 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.4 MB
JPEG 291.6 kB
JPEG 164.5 kB
HDF5 JPEG 159.5 kB
beta11_jr12 60 HDF5 JPEG 3.7 MB
HDF5 JPEG 569.1 kB
HDF5 JPEG 3.7 MB
HDF5 JPEG 511.6 kB
HDF5 JPEG 3.5 MB
JPEG 295.2 kB
JPEG 176.6 kB
HDF5 JPEG 160.2 kB
beta12_jr12 80 HDF5 JPEG 4.6 MB
HDF5 JPEG 603.4 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.6 MB
HDF5 JPEG 510.9 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.4 MB
JPEG 259.0 kB
JPEG 163.8 kB
HDF5 JPEG 157.8 kB
beta14_jr12 80 HDF5 JPEG 5.0 MB
HDF5 JPEG 624.0 kB
HDF5 JPEG 5.0 MB
HDF5 JPEG 526.5 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.8 MB
JPEG 267.4 kB
JPEG 166.5 kB
HDF5 JPEG 163.9 kB
beta16_jr12 80 HDF5 JPEG 4.4 MB
HDF5 JPEG 606.3 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.4 MB
HDF5 JPEG 525.3 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.4 MB
JPEG 260.2 kB
JPEG 166.7 kB
HDF5 JPEG 169.5 kB
beta18_jr12 80 HDF5 JPEG 4.8 MB
HDF5 JPEG 609.2 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.8 MB
HDF5 JPEG 537.2 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.7 MB
JPEG 280.4 kB
JPEG 165.8 kB
HDF5 JPEG 155.6 kB
beta6_jr12_tic 150 HDF5 JPEG 2.9 MB
HDF5 JPEG 577.4 kB
HDF5 JPEG 2.9 MB
HDF5 JPEG 500.6 kB
HDF5 JPEG 2.7 MB
JPEG 317.5 kB
JPEG 188.1 kB
HDF5 JPEG 175.4 kB
beta7_jr12_tic 40 HDF5 JPEG 3.1 MB
HDF5 JPEG 577.0 kB
HDF5 JPEG 3.1 MB
HDF5 JPEG 497.1 kB
HDF5 JPEG 2.9 MB
JPEG 317.7 kB
JPEG 196.6 kB
HDF5 JPEG 170.4 kB
beta8_jr12_tic 150 HDF5 JPEG 3.3 MB
HDF5 JPEG 583.7 kB
HDF5 JPEG 3.3 MB
HDF5 JPEG 498.4 kB
HDF5 JPEG 3.2 MB
JPEG 299.2 kB
JPEG 188.0 kB
HDF5 JPEG 168.5 kB
beta9_jr12_tic 150 HDF5 JPEG 3.5 MB
HDF5 JPEG 582.4 kB
HDF5 JPEG 3.4 MB
HDF5 JPEG 494.1 kB
HDF5 JPEG 3.3 MB
JPEG 296.7 kB
JPEG 187.4 kB
HDF5 JPEG 172.6 kB
beta10_jr12_tic 155 HDF5 JPEG 3.8 MB
HDF5 JPEG 556.2 kB
HDF5 JPEG 3.8 MB
HDF5 JPEG 504.2 kB
HDF5 JPEG 3.7 MB
JPEG 284.2 kB
JPEG 183.5 kB
HDF5 JPEG 160.4 kB
beta12_jr12_tic 120 HDF5 JPEG 3.1 MB
HDF5 JPEG 545.1 kB
HDF5 JPEG 3.2 MB
HDF5 JPEG 495.6 kB
HDF5 JPEG 3.0 MB
JPEG 298.4 kB
JPEG 187.9 kB
HDF5 JPEG 160.3 kB
beta4_jr13_tic 62 HDF5 JPEG 4.6 MB
HDF5 JPEG 641.2 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.5 MB
HDF5 JPEG 516.4 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.2 MB
JPEG 344.9 kB
JPEG 199.4 kB
HDF5 JPEG 178.5 kB
beta6_jr13_tic 110 HDF5 JPEG 3.7 MB
HDF5 JPEG 602.7 kB
HDF5 JPEG 3.7 MB
HDF5 JPEG 515.6 kB
HDF5 JPEG 3.3 MB
JPEG 315.2 kB
JPEG 189.3 kB
HDF5 JPEG 175.4 kB
beta7_jr13_tic 130 HDF5 JPEG 5.0 MB
HDF5 JPEG 630.4 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.9 MB
HDF5 JPEG 532.5 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.6 MB
JPEG 304.0 kB
JPEG 190.1 kB
HDF5 JPEG 176.0 kB
beta8_jr13_tic 130 HDF5 JPEG 4.8 MB
HDF5 JPEG 602.2 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.8 MB
HDF5 JPEG 536.4 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.5 MB
HDF5 JPEG 31.1 MB
HDF5 JPEG 27.0 MB
HDF5 JPEG 171.0 kB
beta9_jr13_tic 130 HDF5 JPEG 4.7 MB
HDF5 JPEG 608.2 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.7 MB
HDF5 JPEG 530.4 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.4 MB
JPEG 299.5 kB
JPEG 189.1 kB
HDF5 JPEG 170.1 kB
beta10_jr13_tic 130 HDF5 JPEG 4.4 MB
HDF5 JPEG 588.4 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.4 MB
HDF5 JPEG 519.4 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.0 MB
JPEG 298.6 kB
JPEG 186.9 kB
HDF5 JPEG 165.6 kB
beta12_jr13_tic 129 HDF5 JPEG 4.3 MB
HDF5 JPEG 586.6 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.3 MB
HDF5 JPEG 526.4 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.0 MB
JPEG 298.6 kB
JPEG 189.0 kB
HDF5 JPEG 170.2 kB
beta14_jr13_tic 114 HDF5 JPEG 4.6 MB
HDF5 JPEG 589.2 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.6 MB
HDF5 JPEG 528.3 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.2 MB
JPEG 305.7 kB
JPEG 189.1 kB
HDF5 JPEG 170.3 kB
beta16_jr13_tic 114 HDF5 JPEG 4.6 MB
HDF5 JPEG 573.2 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.6 MB
HDF5 JPEG 528.6 kB
HDF5 JPEG 4.2 MB
JPEG 299.3 kB
JPEG 187.9 kB
HDF5 JPEG 159.5 kB

The data available for this project is the underlying data of the article Brucy & Hennebelle 2021.

 

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